Overview
Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology conglomerate headquartered in Redmond, Washington. The company became influential in the rise of personal computers through software like Windows and has since expanded into areas such as Internet services, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and video gaming among others. A Big Tech company, Microsoft is the largest software company by revenue, one of the most valuable public companies, and one of the most valuable brands globally.
Ben Graham Analysis
Stock passes only 2 of 7 Graham criteria. Limited margin of safety. Requires deep conviction or special situation rationale.
⚠ Risk Factors
- Earnings yield not sufficiently above bond yield
- Stock price exceeds Graham Number — may be overvalued
- High P/E ratio suggests premium valuation
- Current ratio below Graham's 2.0 threshold
About this analysis: Based on Benjamin Graham's margin of safety principles from The Intelligent Investor and Security Analysis. A positive margin of safety indicates the stock may be trading below its estimated intrinsic value.
Financial Health & Signals
Piotroski F-Score, Owner Earnings, Earnings Quality, and Shareholder Yield
Piotroski F-Score
Poor financial health signals. Proceed with caution.
Owner Earnings (2026)
Earnings Quality (2026)
Cash flow meaningfully exceeds reported earnings — high quality.
Shareholder Yield (2026)
Moderate — some capital return.
Historical Valuation
Where the current valuation sits within its own 5-year range
How to read this: These gauges show where the current P/E and P/B ratios fall between their own 5-year low and high (0% = at the low, 100% = at the high). A position near the low end suggests the stock is historically cheap on that metric; near the high end suggests it's historically expensive. Compare with the company's growth trajectory to determine if the valuation is justified.
Reverse DCF Calculator
What growth rate is the market pricing in?
The market expects strong growth. The stock may be fairly valued if the company delivers, but there is limited room for disappointment.
How to read this: A reverse DCF works backwards from the current stock price to reveal what annual FCF growth rate the market is implicitly assuming. Compare this implied rate against the company's historical growth and your own expectations — if the market expects more growth than you think is realistic, the stock may be overvalued.
ROIC vs. WACC
Return on Invested Capital versus Weighted Average Cost of Capital
How to read this: ROIC measures how efficiently a company turns invested capital into profits. WACC is the minimum return investors demand. When ROIC consistently exceeds WACC, management is creating value — a hallmark of a durable competitive advantage (moat). A declining ROIC trending toward WACC may signal moat erosion.
Capital Allocation
How the company has deployed its cash over 5 years
How to read this: This chart shows how the company allocated capital each fiscal year across four categories. Companies that consistently invest in CapEx and return cash via dividends often signal durable competitive advantages. Heavy share buybacks at elevated valuations can destroy shareholder value.
7 Powers Analysis
Hamilton Helmer's strategic moat framework applied to Microsoft Corporation (Technology)
Operating margin moved from 42.0% to 46.7% over 4 years (+4.7pp).
Awaiting AI analysis
Requires non-financial data (user counts, engagement metrics) not available in SEC filings.
Awaiting AI analysis
Requires identifying a specific incumbent competitor for comparison — a qualitative judgment.
Awaiting AI analysis
Gross margin volatility 0.6pp (avg 68.8%) with 14.6% 5Y revenue growth.
Awaiting AI analysis
Gross margin 67.9% vs peers median 75% (0.91x). Inventory turnover 91.1x — strong brand pull.
Awaiting AI analysis
ROA 17.6% vs peers median 7% (2.7x).
Awaiting AI analysis
Avg ROIC 26.3% vs WACC 9.9% (alpha +16.4pp, σ 2.8pp).
Awaiting AI analysis
How to read this: The 7 Powers framework (Hamilton Helmer) identifies seven empirical sources of lasting business value. Each power shows both a quantitative score (from financial data) and a qualitative score (from AI analysis). The combined signal per power takes the more conservative of the two. Network Effects and Counter-Positioning can only be assessed qualitatively. When AI analysis is available, the overall moat signal reflects all 7 powers combined.
Insider Transactions
Open-market purchases and sales by company insiders (past 12 months)
| Date | Insider | Type | Shares | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-13 | Amy Hood | Sell | 991 | $546.51 |
| 2026-10-13 | Amy Hood | Sell | 2,927 | $545.77 |
| 2026-10-13 | Amy Hood | Sell | 3,387 | $544.80 |
| 2026-09-14 | Amy Hood | Sell | 3,942 | $500.78 |
| 2026-09-14 | Amy Hood | Sell | 8,834 | $500.11 |
| 2026-02-18 | John W. Stanton | Buy | 5,000 | $397.35 |
How to read this: Insider buying on the open market is one of the strongest bullish signals — executives are spending their own money because they believe the stock is undervalued. Selling alone is less informative (insiders sell for many reasons), but heavy selling by multiple insiders can signal caution.